Rally Round the Trade Name Essays

Rally Round the Trade Name Essays Rally Round the Trade Name Essay Rally Round the Trade Name Essay Rally Round the Trade Name Name: Course: Institution: Tutor Date: Rally Round the Trade Name Part 1 It is clear that Gabby’s surname is Rally and that is the main reason that led her to use it as her business name. However, she does not have the right to use it in whatever she wants. When it comes to matters affecting other people, she has a responsibility of following the right procedures before she incorporates her name in these issues. She has the responsibility of analyzing how incorporating her surname will affect the rest of the community. In this case, her surname had already been used by another business. Practically, people were mistaking the â€Å"Rally† car dealership and the â€Å"Rally† pizza restaurant. The car dealers were being called to deliver pizzas. There was a conflict of interest. In such a case, this conflict had to be resolved; otherwise, it was becoming inconveniencing. Gabby had no right of using her surname in her business just because the surname belonged to her. It was not right as it was bringing a conflict of interest in an existing business (Tilman, 2002). Part 2 People tend to associate â€Å"Rally† with pizza since pizzas are edibles and therefore they are consumed more than cars are. Most people are more likely to call in for a pizza delivery than they are to call in for a car delivery. However, Rally car dealership has been there for more than forty years. This means that it has built its brand and that it has formed its clientele using the name â€Å"Rally†. Unfortunately, registering a business with a particular name does not give one the right to own the business name (Kerly, Blanco Jacob, 1986). From the incoming calls, the name â€Å"Rally† has been greatly associated with pizza. This matters as far as a trade name is concerned. The Rally is used more by those ordering pizzas because pizzas are consumes more than cars are. The majority of the consumers tend to master the first word of a trade name and thus use it as a reference when intending to refer to the business. This is why the consumers dial the number to the car dealership instead of dialing the restaurant’s number. Pizzas are fast-moving goods since they are cheap, edibles and perishable while cars are more expensive, non-perishable are not as part of basic needs as foods. This is why it may be perceived as though â€Å"Rally† is more associated with the pizza. However, the case may have been different if Herman’s business dealt with eatables such as drinks. Since Herman’s business may have been around for a longer period, it could have received as many calls as the pizza calls or even more calls. In other words, Rally may be more associated with the pizza because of the different natures of the businesses. Part 3 As indicated, Herman’s business was the first to use the business name. The business has been around for around fifty years and so it has built using its clientele in that geographical location using that particular name (Hopkins, 1924). In this case, it is significant to appreciate that Herman’s business has used the trade name for the longest time. On the other hand, it is significant to note that most people associate the trade name with the pizza. Transactions, legal documents and all the other records over the many years have been used with name â€Å"Rally†. Many people, both young and old, associate Rally with the car dealership as they have grown up seeing the business. The main reason that popularizes the trade name â€Å"Rally† with the pizza is the nature of the pizza business. If Herman changed the business to another name, there would be more harm done as it would it would be a long process due to the years it has been established. On the other hand, Gabby can change her business name since her business is smaller than Herman’s and not as old as Herman’s business. It is easier to change the name of a child than changing the name of a fifty –year old man. Part 4 Like ones birth names, one has the right to their trade name. It does not matter that a man aged eighty-five years old is named Peter while another aged two is named the same. They both have the rights to the same name. Similarly, a business named â€Å"Smiths† started in 1975 does not give it more rights to the name than a business named the same started in 2009. However, similar business names can bring a conflict of interest. Although it has been said that an older business cannot sue a younger business for using its name, the older business posses more rights to the name. This more defined if the two businesses are of a different nature. The older business has done many transactions and incorporated a lot of legal documentation using the trade name for a longer period than the latter business. Age is one way of gaining the rights to a business. Additionally, a business, which has built its clientele and general business around the name of the business, gives it more rights to the trade name as compared to other businesses (Uspto, 2012). For example, the McDonalds Company has built its business around the trade name. Another fast food restaurant cannot open and trade with the same name. It is evident that registering a business does not make one to have the exclusive rights to a business name. However, it is a way of ensuring that the rights are more defined as compared to a business that is not registered. Similarly, registering businesses allows one to avoid picking a name that is already picked by other people. Similarly, it also gives evidence as to the length and extent one has used the name. As earlier identified the length of time a trade name has been used can aide one in winning a case, if need arises. Part 5 The first remedy is to talk with the infringing party about the issue. Talks are more productive than lawsuits. It enables the two businesses to come to consensus that is acceptable to both parties, without the bad incidences and the experiences that are experienced in courtrooms. It also saves on time and money, which are greatly used when a party sues the other. These discussions can be made without the presence of a mediator. In this case, Gabby can incorporate the name â€Å"Restaurant† (if not incorporated) and make it as distinct and conspicuous as possible, thus giving the consumers room for making out the difference between the two businesses when dialing the number on the directory. Similarly, Rally can make the name â€Å"Car Dealership† to be as distinct as possible. In another approach, arbitration can be incorporated. This is a form of settling cases outside the court (Elias Stim, 2011). This may include the use of a mediator or other means thus allowing room for negotiations. The method is not expensive, takes a lesser period and does not attract a lot of public attention like the court cases. This method allows the personal opinions of the parties unlike the court processes that required the use of a lawyer. Suing is an option but it should be the last option. This is because it involves a lot of time, energy (both physical and emotional), is more expensive and it may cost the reputation of both of the businesses or either of the business. Settling the dispute in court allows a business to get a judgment that is concrete and can only be challenged by a higher court. Similarly, it reduces the cases of unfairness or decision ambiguity. Persons going against the decision made can be prosecuted and jailed. Settling issues in court should be the last approach. The best include having a one-on-one discussion or incorporating mediators. References Elias, N. Stim, R. (2011). Trademark. Legal Care for your Business Product Name. Berkeley, CA: Nolo. Hopkins, J.L (1924). The law of trademarks, trade names and unfair competition, including trade secrets. New York, NY: The W. H. Anderson Company. Kerly, D. M., Blanco, W. T. A., Jacob, R. (1986). Kerly’s law of trade marks and trade names. London: Sweet Maxwell. Tillman, C. (2002). Trade Names. New York, NY: S.N. United States Patents and Trademark Office (2012). 2173.05(u) Trademarks or Trade Names in a Claim – 2100 Patentability. Uspto.govv. Retrieved From uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/documents/2100_2173_05_u.htm

Definition and Examples of Logical Fallacies

Definition and Examples of Logical Fallacies A Fallacy is an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid: A fallacious argument is a defective argument, says Michael F. Goodman, and  a fallacy is  the defect in the argument itself. . . . Any argument committing one of the informal fallacies is an argument in which the conclusion does not follow conclusively from the premise(s) (First Logic, 1993). Observations on Fallacy In logic and the generalized study of reasoning, there are generally understood to be such things as good reasoning and bad reasoning. Typically, bad reasoning is characterized by falling into one or more of the classically compiled logical fallacies. A logical fallacy is simply a failure of logic. Arguments that are said to be fallacious have gaping holes or misleading leaps in their structure and reasoning.(J. Meany and K. Shuster, Art, Argument, and Advocacy. IDEA, 2002)An informal fallacy is an attempt at making a logical argument where there’s a failure in the reasoning itself. This can stem from a number of causes, such as the misapplication of words and phrases, or misunderstandings based on inappropriate assumptions. Illogical sequences in an argument can also cause informal fallacies. While informal fallacies can result in inaccurate arguments and false conclusions, that doesn’t mean they can’t be very persuasive.(Russ Alan Prince, How To Bolster Your Ne gotiations With Informal  Fallacies. Forbes, June 7, 2015) Deceptions A fallacy is so conceived that if an argument exhibits a fallacy, it is probably a bad one, but if the argument exhibits no such violation, it is a good one.Fallacies are mistakes in reasoning that do not seem to be mistakes. Indeed, part of the etymology of the word fallacy comes from the notion of deception. Fallacious arguments usually have the deceptive appearance of being good arguments. That perhaps explains why we are so often misled by them.(T. Edward Damer, Attacking Faulty Reasoning, 2001) Violations [O]ne clear sense of fallacy that we will encounter will involve a shift away from the correct direction in which an argumentative dialogue is progressing. By various means, an arguer may impede the other party from making her point or may attempt to draw the discussion off track. In fact, one popular modern approach to understanding fallacious reasoning is to see it as involving violations of rules that should govern disputes so as to ensure that they are well conducted and resolved. This approach, put forward by [Frans] van Eemeren and [Rob] Grootendorst in several works, goes by the name of pragma-dialectics. Not only is each of the traditional fallacies understood as a violation of a discussion rule, but new fallacies emerge to correspond to other violations once we focus on this way of conducting arguments.(Christopher W. Tindale, Fallacies and Argument Appraisal. Cambridge University Press, 2007) Pronunciation: FAL-eh-see Also Known As: logical fallacy, informal fallacy Etymology:From the Latin, deceive Etymology:From the Latin, deceive

Global perpective of macroecomonics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global perpective of macroecomonics - Essay Example The following diagram shows how the current account balance in the US economy had depended upon the trade balances of the nation over the years. Of all the three components of the current account, viz., trade balance, income balance and the transfer payments, the trend in the current account balances of the economy is significantly related to that of the trade balances. Hence, any deficit in the trade balances will seriously hamper the current account balance values of an economy. Since the current account balance determine the current financial asset position of an economy, a depreciating value will imply a poor status of the same that will affect the amount of financial investments into the nation and thus prospects of potential future growth. The sake of the present as well as the future of an economy is the reason for an appropriate monitoring of the trade balance status of the economy. The US economy at present is suffering from the problem of high trade deficit which must be taken care of urgently. This paper tries to focus on the causes behind the trade position of the nation, the consequences that it has on various aspects of the economy and the steps that the Federal Reserve has implemented in this regard. Trade deficit in USA, as the adjoining table suggest is found to be increasing over the years. It is also obvious from the table that, the imbalance or rather deficit is primarily due to a hike in the import purchases rather than a fall in exports. There had in fact been a significant increase in exports between 2001 and 2006, but the proportion of imports is found to have outgrown that of the exports within the nation. 1) A trade deficit in the US has often been argued by economists to be an outcome of a savings-investment imbalance within the nation. When the country had been going through a fall in aggregate savings compared to the investment potentials of the nation, other economies had been witnessing just the reverse

History of Canadian Labour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History of Canadian Labour - Essay Example Triggered by a conflict between metal workers and their bosses, the agitation rapidly spread throughout the city's working class. This essay is going to trace the growth and development of the working class people in the history of Canada between 1880 and 1920. A thorough assessment of the period will be made with regards to simultaneous union and splitting of the working class on the basis of race, gender, region and skills. The Knights of Labor made their presence felt by uniting workers of different types. Gradually the organization spread its control over small towns and villages. It was in 1881 when Hamilton became one of the strongholds of the labor organization, followed by Qubec and BC, Nova Scotia and Manitoba. The local neighboring areas of New Brunswick and Alberta were also parts of the 450 local assemblies across Canada. Labor politics rose to prominence as the Knights of Labor reform group coordinated and controlled the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada. The self-governing labor political campaign, which played a crucial role in terms of growth and development of working class militancy in Canada in the end of the nineteenth century, led to parliamentary lobbying, thus bringing the most pertinent issues of the working class before political and administrative authorities. The fundamental rights of the working class people were brought to notice through intensive campaigning and follow-up mechanisms. The dedication of the Knights leaders and more importantly, the spontaneous participation of labors from all areas of manual works helped enormously to turn the campaign into a success story. The Knights approached Ontario and the West in 1886, but the major success as far as voicing peoples' rights and demands is concerned came in Qubec and Ottawa in the 1890s. The development of working class unions in Canada prior to the World War II hastened up when the Knights of Labor organization was forced out on the ground of duality from the TLC at Berlin in 1902. The influence of the Knights of Labor on the working class did not concern just the idea of making unions, but the intent to curb the monopoly and exploitation of the contemporary capitalist social structure by developing alternatives based on equality and justice. To expatiate furthermore on the thesis topic in hand, one needs to gain a clear insight on the value of skilled labors. In any society, skilled labors do have an upper hand over incompetent labors. The age of rapid spread in industrialization necessitated deployment of efficient labors to maximize output in factories. During the span of forty years from 1880 to 1920, the working class fraternity of Canada orchestrated community business to maximize production. In Toronto, skilled and experienced craftsmen exercised far greater control over their employers in terms of production. The individual as well as collective discipline of veteran labors was considered to be an asset in Canada in those times. The labor unions in Toronto and other places acted forthrightly on choosing the right people for the right cause. But when the industrial capitalization threatened to disturb the balance of the working class society, a protest movement was on the cards. By and large, the working clas

Hotel Rwanda Essay Example for Free

Hotel Rwanda Essay Hotel Rwanda describes the rivalry between two ethnic groups, the Hutus and the Tutsis. Both groups shared the same language, culture, territory, customs and beliefs but had different physical features and belonged to different ‘classes’. On the 6th of April 1994, the Presidents of Rwanda and Burundi were killed when their plane was shelled by rocket fire as it attempted to land at the airport in Kingali, Rwanda. The assassination of the Hutu president was attributed to the Tutsis just as a pretext to begin violence since it is believed his own people, the Hutus, murdered him. Then the genocide begins. The film focuses on the story of Paul Rusesabagina (Don Cheadle), a Hutu hotel manager at the Mille Collines, a Belgian-owned luxury hotel. We also learn early in the film that his wife and her family is Tutsi. Along with checking in guests, Rusesabagina must use his wise business sense to buy supplies from a rebellious Hutu who strives to get him involved in taking a stand against the Tutsis. As chaos ensues, United Nations forces, previously stationed to help, leave the Rwandans with nothing but their own will. Tutsi refugees turn to the Hutu Rusesabagina for help. Paul becomes the hero of the film saving over 1,000 refugees from death by harboring them in the hotel that he manages. Hotel Rwanda is a film made to show the world the violence and cruel things that were going on in South America. Nearly 1 million people were killed in less than 3 months. Paul Russesabegina (Don Chedle) was an amazing actor in the movie. He made a point. He was a true actor. He showed the viewers that he loved his people and wasnt going to let neither himself nor anyone else give up. European guests and staff at the hotel are flown out of the country, and Paul is left in charge. He finds that his conscience wont allow him to watch as the innocent are slaughtered, and before long, the hotel has become a well-appointed refugee camp. Some sees Paul as a traitor putting his life in danger. The predicament of his guests grows more precarious every day, but despite good intentions on the part of a journalist (Joaquin Phoenix) and a UN peacekeeping colonel (Nick Nolte), the rest of the world is not eager to intervene and stop the massacre. For me, the main theme of this movie is writing a wrong that is so terrible in nature that everybody is just unwilling to take a stand. The wrong is so unabashedly violent and righteous that everybody is willing to take a step back and wait for somebody to handle it. In this movie’s case, all hope was on the UN. However, only the foreign nationals initially got the aid of the UN. The nationals were left to figure things out on their own. In this case, Paul Rusesabagina became the unlikely hero. Doing the right thing at that time proved to be dangerous on himself and his family. It would have been easier for him to sell his soul rather than go against the majority movement. And yet, he did go against the tide and did the right thing by using his cool intellect and calm manner of dealing with his staff, the military, the militants and the rest of his family members and neighbors. Seeing death being done is bad enough. I can only imagine how devastating that can be. However, I understand his emotions when he saw his son traumatized by the situation. As a parent myself, I would not want any of my sons to witness such brutal acts of humanity on another human, let alone the violence that was done to the boy, too. Although Mr. Rusesabagina acted cool and composed in the film, I cannot help but wonder if, indeed, he was composed during the entire time he was still in the country. The atmosphere of the entire movie came across to me as harsh. That is, the scenes were unforgiving in their abrasive, visceral violence. The discordant scenes of killing and women being abused and disrespected were forceful. The film strived to be earnest and honest in the depiction of this inhumane genocide that affected the world. While watching the film, I was reminded of Hitler’s move to eliminate Jews from the world. This was WWII. It was and still is a horrible way of thinking. Yet, Hitler still found people to commiserate with his vision and ideal world. 50 years later, this genocide happens in Rwanda. Horrible. And yet, this incident did come to pass and it’s a true story. How can people treat their fellow human beings in this manner? Why act like savages when we have the capacity for love and compassion? What is it that drives such a crooked point-of-view to gain momentum? I’ve thought about this the whole weekend. The only answer I can come up with is that God gave mankind the gift of free will with our intellect and humanness. It is really up to us to use these gifts to the best of our ability. The choice to do right and wrong will always be upon us. Therefore, the consequences of our decisions and the foregoing actions that ensue because of these decisions will shape our lives. As such, the genocide that happened in Rwanda cannot be undone. But, we can learn the lessons needed to become better people. As with Paul Rusesabagina, his choice to fight passively with single-minded intention of getting his family and friends safely out of the country helped these individuals continue a life on this Earth. For just this trait, I salute him not only for standing on his belief and principles but for letting love and compassion identify the living force within him and having him translate this into the saving of human lives.

Technology and Morality in Shelleys Frankenstein - The Advancement of

Frankenstein and the Advancement of Science      Ã‚  Ã‚   Science is nothing more than facts and principles that have been accepted on the basis of the knowledge gained by a systematic study. The scientific process is the common, basic pathway to this discovery of knowledge. The good or evil implications resulting from knowledge is not the primary concern of the scientist, though these implications can have a powerful impact. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein shows how the discovery of knowledge can have earth-shattering repercussions when a scientist does not consider the consequences of his actions.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Victor Frankenstein often esteemed himself a scientist of nature in contrast to those of his time who were alchemists. As such, he followed the very same path which elementary school kids follow today; observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion. The first step he took in creating his monster was observation. Victor Frankenstein observed the power of nature through the destructive force of lightning. He knew the potential of such energies and developed a hypothesis based on his studies of Agrippa and Magnus. His hypothesis stated that, through the power of nature, he could reanimate organic tissue; a process which his mentors claimed to have already achieved. Victor Frankenstein's experimentation required a form, which took him to the charnel houses to claim tissue from the deceased. The creature was complete with the animating science developed by Victor Frankenstein. His hypothesis proved true in the respect that it could give life. Through out the process he underwent to create the creature at no time in the process was there a point to reflect as to whether or not he should create such a monster. There was ... ...iterary Supplement 9 Apr. 1993: 12-14.    Boyd, Stephen. York Notes on Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. Longman York Press, 1992.    Garber, Frederick. The Autonomy of the Self from Richardson to Huysmans. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982.    Nelkin, Dorothy.   "Genetics, God, and Sacred DNA."   Society May/June 1996: 22-25.    Patterson, Arthur Paul. A Frankenstein Study. http://www.watershed.winnipeg.mb.ca/Frankenstein.html    Shelley, Mary.   Frankenstein.   Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.    Smith, Christopher. Frankenstein as Prometheus. http://www.umich.edu/~umfandsf/class/sf/books/frank/papers/FrankCS.html    Spark, Muriel. Mary Shelly. New York: Dutton, 1987.    Williams, Bill. On Shelley's Use of Nature Imagery. http://www.umich.edu/~umfandsf/class/sf/books/frank/papers/FrankWJW.html   

Hydrocarbon

HOMOLOGOUS SERIES| ALKANE| ALKENE| ALCOHOL| CARBOXYLIC ACID| ESTER| GENERAL FORMULA| CnH2n+2, where n= 1,2,3,.. | CnH2n, where n= 2,3,4,.. | CnH2n+1OH, where n= 1,2,3| CnH2n+1COOH, where n= -0,1,2,3,.. | CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1, where n= 0,1,2,3,.. and m= 1,2,3,.. | PHYSICAL PROPERTIES| * MP & BP Size of hydrocarbon molecules inc, f. o. a inc, more heat overcome f. o. * Density Mass per molecule inc faster than volume per molecule * Gas – liquidSize of hydrocarbon molecule inc, f. o. a stronger, mp&bp inc * Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvent(covalent comp) * Insulator * Less dense than water| * MP & BP Size of hydrocarbon molecules inc, f. o. a inc, more heat overcome f. o. a * Density mass per molecule inc faster than volume per molecule * Gas – liquidSize of hydrocarbon molecules inc, f. o. stronger, mp&bp inc * Insoluble in water * Insulator * Less dense than water| * MP&BP * Colourless liquid at RT * Volatile * Soluble in waterDissolve in organic compund * Les s dense than water| * BP(118OC) * Colourless liquid at RT * Sharp & pungent smell * Soluble in water| * Colourless liquid at RT * Fragrant smell * Volatile * Insoluble in water * Less dense than water| STATE| First 4 alkanes (gas)| First 3 alkene(gas)| -| -| -| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CHEMICAL PROPERTIES| * CombustionComplete- CO2 + H2OIncomplete- C+H2O, CO+H2O * Substitution-Alkanes+halogen(Cl2,Br2)-exposed to sunlight/UV-hydrogen replace by halogen * Cracking-Long chain alkane flow over catalyst(silica,SiO2,alumina, Al2O3-temperature: 500oC| * CombustionComplete- CO2 + H2OIncomplete- C+H2O, CO+H2O * Addition-halogenation, hydration, hydrogenation,hydrohalogenation, oxidation * PolymerisationCombine monomers to form polymers. | | | |

Explain the Success and Failure of Constitutions

Constitutions can be defined in a variety of different ways. Duchacek , in 1970 described constitutions as â€Å"power maps†, in which the formal powers of the state are described and distributed. A more explicit definition can be gauged from Robertson , who describes the constitution as, â€Å"a set of rights, powers and procedures regulating the structure of, and relationships among the public authorities and between the public authorities and the citizens. † This long definition is condensed by Watson , who describes constitutions as the â€Å"rules of the political game† and â€Å"the laws that govern the governors. Constitutions usually have come into existence to facilitate a â€Å"fresh start† following the demise of the past regime via revolution, independence, or a change in society. Constitutions are not infallible and can fail if the conditions are right; those conditions will be discussed in this essay. According to Hague, Harrop and Breslin , a successful constitution is â€Å"one that does not attempt too much†. They point to the American constitution as an example. The US Constitution created a limited central government because that is what was deemed necessary. If the constitution created a stronger central government, it may have gone against the interests of the more independent minded states and individuals who would have opposed such a move. A constitution, which delegates and separates powers amongst the governing institutions apparently, coins success. The most well known example of this would be again the American constitution. The legislature (Congress ), executive (the President ) and the judiciary (the Supreme Court ) is separated by the Constitution, providing constitutional independence and delegating various powers. The Constitution insures that no one institution has more power than the other, preventing a power struggle within government that could lead to its destruction. However, to explain the success of constitutions in terms of the balance of powers would ignore the success of the â€Å"unwritten† British Constitution. The British Constitution, where power lies supremely with the government, the legislature, cannot be regarded as a failure. The success of this constitution could perhaps be explained by its flexible and articulate nature, which allows gradual change. A good example of this in practise is the enfranchisement of Britain, which took almost a century to attain. The Government introduced this necessary legislation following the changes in society. Without this change, Britain's Constitution would have failed to meet the needs of the people, and fall in the face of popular revolt. Even supposedly rigid, written constitutions can respond to changes in society, an important property if that constitution is to succeed. In the United States, judicial constitutional interpretation plays an important part in placing a constitution written over two hundred years ago into the context of the modern day. Chief Justice Hughes' statement; â€Å"We live under a constitution. But the constitution is what the judges say it is. † This may not be wholly accurate, but judicial interpretation has been an important factor in the continual evolution of the American Constitution, which encouraging its success. Finally, the success of constitutions can be attributed to the economic factors within the state. Germany and Japan have for the past fifty years possessed successful constitutions, which can, to a degree be attributed to their very strong economies. Following the Second World War, the allies, by buoying up the economies of these two nations, prevented them from falling to the short-term problems, such as nationalism and communism. This move subsequently ensured their long-term constitutional success. A constitution that has failed its purpose is one that fails to provide adequate rules of government, which can lead to either an inefficient government, or a government that abuses the governed. There are a number of reasons that governments fail. If Hauge, Harrop and Breslin's reasoning concludes that a successful constitution is one that attempts little, it follows that a constitution doomed to failure is one that attempts too much, allowing no room for interpretation or change. A poor constitution would not allow the judicial interpretation that allows the American constitution to develop, or allow a flexible constitution like the British to change wit the introduction of new legislation. The Constitution of Italy, the Guarantisimo prevents the reoccurrence of a dictatorship. However, the various checks and balances created by the constitution, such as a strong bicameral legislature, and regional autonomy have led to ineffective government, and the loss of popular support among the people. This is one example of the separation of powers going to far, hindering the constitutional process. A constitution that fails to take into account the social, economic and political factors within a society will very rarely succeed. Evidence of this can be found in the failure of the post-colonial constitutions imposed on former colonies during the 1950's and 1960's. Countries such as Britain and France attempted to impose constitutions that were based on theirs. Unfortunately, the peoples of Africa and Asia were not used to democracy, their cultures were based upon autocratic rule, not liberal, democratic government. Many of the fledgling governments fell, as single rulers, often helped by the military filled the vacuum. Countries whose democratic governments survived, for example India and Pakistan experienced the move toward strong centrally controlled government, undermining the democracy the constitution represented. It is often not the constitution that fails, but the regime that facilitates the change because it is weak, and cannot remain in office for too long a period. The constitution may succeed in providing the checks and balances of power, but if the regime lost the support of the military, there would then be scope for change Constitutions are not always liable to succeed; the above examples indicate that. A successful one allows change, can be interpreted by the judiciary and is assisted by a healthy economic climate. A failure is doomed to be ineffective because it is too restrained, and not allowed to change as society develops. Explanations for the success and failure of constitutions can be diverse, particularly in today's global society; the reasons above are only a selection of wh at can constitute a constitutional success or failiure.

Electricity Production and Consumption in the US

Electricity Production and Consumption in the US Electricity production in the US consumes over 40% of the total energy produced within the continent. Given the high percentage of energy consumption in electricity, the concept forms a significant segment of consumers’ environmental footprint. Fossils fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil are the key generators of electricity in the US.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Electricity Production and Consumption in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Environmental Impact Assessment’s data of 2011, coal contributes 42.3%, as natural gas contributes 24.7% of US total electricity generation. In the same year, 4 trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity came from coal, and 42% of the US population consumed this portion (Batagol). The United States produced 1,094.3 million short tons of coal from the 25 coalmine states. Wyoming, which is in the Western Coal Region, produces the largest amount of coal in the US followed by West Virginia. Comparatively, electricity production and consumption in the US using steam engines has been on the rising trend given that the 3,856 billion Kilowatt-hours (kWh) in 2011 is 13 times higher than the consumption in 1950. Major mining zones in the US include the Western Coal Region, the Appalachian Coal Region, and the Interior Coal Region, which agree that production and conversion of coal to useful energy is relatively cheaper than other forms of energy. Nuclear energy has also dominated electricity generation with 19.3%. Uranium, U-235, is available in the mines of western United States. There are 65 power plants in the US; they are located in 31 states. The three populous states of New York, Texas and California have been using more of the one-fifth US electricity that Nuclear Plants have been producing yearly since 1990. Currently, development in power plants saw the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission accepts the building and operation of u nits 3 and 4 of the Vogtle plant, which may start operating in 2016. In 2002, US commercial reactors sites stored 51,002 short tons, and an estimate value reported 12.2 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) as the amount of electricity that a single power plant can generate.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In terms of production, nuclear reactors do not emit harmful products like CO2 and SO2; however, the process of manufacturing large amounts of metals and concrete as well as mining and refining uranium ore require large amount of energy (Batagol). Since radioactive materials are harmful to human health, those handling uranium are prone to infections. People have to adhere strictly to disposal regulations given that the elements always remain active for several years. Apt safety measures should be in place to control nuclear reaction in the reactor in order to avert inci dences like the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine and the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant in Japan. Although this source of energy has harmful effects, it is highly likely that it will continue growing to eliminate coal as the main source of energy production given its eco-friendly nature. Besides, countries are moving towards using eco-friendly processes in order to avert the climate change menace. The changing climate implies that most countries will divert to eco-friendly sources to produce electricity, and nuclear energy is capable of producing large quantity of electricity. Renewable energy sources like geothermal, solar, wood, water, and organic wastes produced 12% of US’s electricity in 2012. Hydropower has been the major producer of electricity among the renewable electricity generators. Since coal is the main electricity producer, it has great chances of growth albeit the effects that it posses to the environment. China tops in usage of renewable energy followe d closely by the United States; the US still uses more of coal than the renewable energy due to the higher cost of constructing and operating renewable energy power plants than coal and natural gas plants. Besides, the geographical remoteness of the renewable energy sources also implicates extra costs, as the process requires constructing transmission lines to metropolitan areas from remote regions. Even though there are high possibilities of growth for coal as a key energy producer in the US, it faces criticism from environmental agencies given its negative impact on the state of the environment and human health.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Electricity Production and Consumption in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, emissions from burning coal such as CO2, SO2, mercury, and particulates cause acidic rain and smog, which are harmful to the environment and cause respiratory complications (Davis and Keegan). This is a great contrary to nuclear energy as it is environmentally friendly in terms of emissions. Construction of nuclear power plants can have temporary or permanent effects on the environment. For instance, the construction equipment emits pollutants into air, land, and water since they occupy space in these areas. With the construction occupying spaces, it does away with any future use of the land for production purposes. Apart from construction effects, license renewal for nuclear plants may necessitate use of extra pieces of land for removing old components and staging new components. Such operations may expose workers to radiation, which are hazardous health effects. Therefore, plants must adhere to the allowable radioactive exposure so that the source does not become harmful to the human health and the environment. Uranium being a radioactive element can increase cancer incidences, that is, if limits of radon 226RN and 222Rn- concentration surpass the permissi ble limit (El-Hinnawi par 6). In addition, during mining, exposure to dust and radiation can result in respiratory diseases and cancerous growths in the body. Wind erosion can blow piles of mills into rivers, thus causing leaching. The toxic nature of fluorine and hydrogen fluoride that produces uranium hexafluoride poses serious health threats. Workers should protect themselves from the highly corrosive UF6 in order to avoid dangerous exposures. In operating nuclear plants, the fuel element retains most of the radioactive products, and the liquid and gas waste-processing system removes the radioactive releases. Comparably, gaseous emissions from nuclear reactors are negligible to fossil-fuel-operated plants. However, the plant releases a lot of heat during operation, and directs them to the cooling water. Accidents are possible with the operation of a nuclear reactor; however, necessary safety practices and devices have been integrated into the reactor to protect workers and the pu blic incase of malfunctions (Davis and Keegan). In case of chemical leakage to the environment, radioactive elements can cause adverse effects on fauna and flora.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, in the Fukushima disaster, radioactive elements caused mass water and soil pollution to the extent that the locals had to stop using water from taps and certain products. A nuclear plant requires stringent procedures and monitoring during construction and operation since it uses extremely harmful chemicals that can stay long in a human’s body and the environment. Radioactive elements reduce soil fertility thereby killing plants growth. Nuclear energy is an extremely delicate source of energy, as it requires a complex safety system and highly skilled personnel in order to operate at cost-effective terms. The high demand for electricity world over and constant advocation for a clean environment by many organizations make nuclear energy to be a preferred choice to coal. The Clean Energy Standard Act of 2012 advocates the use of energy sources that do not produce greenhouse gases (El-Hinnawi par. 4). Clearly, this makes coal lose preference to nuclear energy, as it limits global warming. Since the nuclear energy industry has been able to account for all its wastes, it remains a vibrant and best option in for the current world, which struggles to prevent adverse effects to the environment. Batagol, Cheryl. Clean Energy | US EPA. US Environmental Protection Agency. N.p., n.d. Web. Davis, Dave, and Michael J Keegan. Nonrenewable Energy Sources. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). N.p., n.d. Web. El-Hinnawi, Essam E. Review of the Environmental Impact of Nuclear Energy. International Atomic Energy Agency. N.p., n.d. Web.

5 Questions Every Job Hopping Nurse Should Know How to Answer

5 Questions Every Job Hopping Nurse Should Know How to Answer The workforce is experiencing a somewhat generational shift in terms of job longevity at the moment- where the Baby Boomers had stability, the Gen Xers are in the middle of their careers, and Generation Yers are following their bliss. All these can lead to some â€Å"diverse† resumes. Maybe you came out of school and landed first at a hospital you hated; maybe you’re constantly in pursuit of the next best thing; or maybe other circumstances affected your job stability. Whatever your situation, you might be worried about how an employer will perceive a gap or frequent changes in your resume. Here are the 5 questions you should prepare to answer in any job interview- nail this, you’ll soothe any employers worried brow.1. How often are you changing jobs?An interviewer will see a yearly shift very differently than a new position every six months or less. Be able to articulate what you got out of each job before you left it and how what you learned will serve you well in the open position.2. Are you changing positions or just employers?Shifting positions within the same hospital, office, or institution shows that you’re expanding and developing your experience- changing employers that often shows you struggle to get along with people or don’t know how to improve workplace relationships. Look for different positions within the same group first if you need a change.3. How long have you been a nurse?You don’t want to seem impulsive or like this was an accidental career move. If you’re just beginning, try to avoid job gaps or short-term job hopping when you can, to sidestep these questions all together.4. What are your career goals?Does your resume reflect a systematic move from one specialty to another? Or are you moving more or less randomly from one available job to another? Have a 1-, 5-, and 10-year plan in your pocket, ready to bring up in any interview that might ask.And lastly, but most importantly:5. Why did you change jobs?Be able to account for the professional moves you made. Did you change for professional or personal reasons? Were you in search of a better opportunity or running away from a difficult situation? Even if you did jump ship because a work environment was toxic, do you have a diplomatic, growth-centric answer ready? Did you pursue positive solutions and wait for improvement? Did you understand your employer’s expectations? Did they appreciate your goals?See yourself as an investment- because that’s how your employer will see you- and be able to present yourself as a low-risk, high-reward prospect. That’s what any interviewer hopes to find!

Flexography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Flexography - Essay Example The reason behind the wide acceptance and adoption of this technology is that it caters to a massive market of printing packaging materials. Conventional form of printing could not suffice for such tasks effectively since the packaging materials are made in different types and sizes. The level of precision, quality and pace that can be achieved with the flexography technology cannot be matched with the old methods of printing and other competitive technologies in the modern markets. 2. Overview of Flexography Flexography is defined as a type of ‘rotary web letterpress’ that amalgamates the aspects of letterpress and rotogravure printing (â€Å"Print Process Descriptions: Printing Industry Overview: Flexography†). The material that is used for printing tends to dry faster as it is consists of a low viscosity solvent. There are three types of inks that are used in this form of printing; solvent-based, water-based and ultraviolet-cured. Each one of these inks is drie d off in different ways (â€Å"Overview of Flexographic Printing†). The inks are very thin that makes this form of printing even preferable for four color printing jobs (CMYK). Ink possesses much relevance in any printing process. Since flexography printing produces fine finish printing, the ink has several characteristics; The ink should be able to create a visual effect or color. The ink must be compatible with the material on which it is being printed. Production packaging tends to suffer different environmental conditions due to its frequent displacement, therefore the printing needs to survive the presence of chemicals, scratching and fluctuation of temperature in the surroundings. 3. Applications of Flexography Flexography is considered to be the simplest and cheapest mode of printing packaging materials. There are several applications of flexography; some of them are mentioned below (â€Å"Printers - Flexographic Printing†): Ridged containers Folding cartons Mul tiwall sacks Paper sacks and plastic bags Milk and beverage cartons Disposable cups and containers Labels Wrappers of food items The quality of the printing is commendable and irrespective of the irregular or complex shape of the object. Another form of flexography printing exists that is designed to be used for publications, for example newspapers, comics, booklets, promotional catalogues etc. Food and candy wrappers are usually required to be printed with bright colors; flexography achieves this with factor with ease. Organizations tend to prefer this technology due to the lowering of the cost of the packaging which is coupled with competitive results. 4. Relevance of Flexography in the Graphic Information Technology Industry Flexography technology has improved to a great extent over the years due to which it has brought about greater level of precision, efficiency and quality in the graphic information technology industry (Polischuk). The improvement of this technology from satis factory image definition and effective management of shorter runs of printing to excellent finish over massive printing activities has given the consumer an appealing alternate in the printing industry. The monopoly of the competitor technologies (like gravure and offset technologies) has been broken by the improvement of flexography (Polischuk). The designs that were traditionally considered to be impossible without the usage of gravure and offset technologies, have been proven to be achieved by flexography printing. Flexography is able to cater to the innovative design features of the modern age, as well as the contemporary one with details and precision. The processes and quality of flexography printing is able to meet the rapidly changing requirements of the modern markets since there is increasing demand of better quality and endeavors to